Programming Languages

tidytuesday
Author
Affiliation

Ted Laderas

Fred Hutch Cancer Center

Published

March 21, 2023

library(tidyverse)
── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
✔ dplyr     1.1.4     ✔ readr     2.1.5
✔ forcats   1.0.0     ✔ stringr   1.5.1
✔ ggplot2   3.5.1     ✔ tibble    3.2.1
✔ lubridate 1.9.3     ✔ tidyr     1.3.1
✔ purrr     1.0.2     
── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors
library(skimr)
library(visdat)
languages <- readr::read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/master/data/2023/2023-03-21/languages.csv')
Rows: 4303 Columns: 49
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr (21): pldb_id, title, description, type, creators, website, domain_name,...
dbl (24): appeared, domain_name_registered, isbndb, book_count, semantic_sch...
lgl  (4): features_has_comments, features_has_semantic_indentation, features...

ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

Skim the Dataset

skimr::skim(languages)
Data summary
Name languages
Number of rows 4303
Number of columns 49
_______________________
Column type frequency:
character 21
logical 4
numeric 24
________________________
Group variables None

Variable type: character

skim_variable n_missing complete_rate min max empty n_unique whitespace
pldb_id 0 1.00 1 52 0 4303 0
title 0 1.00 1 56 0 4267 0
description 3480 0.19 4 2273 0 811 0
type 0 1.00 2 27 0 40 0
creators 3203 0.26 2 253 0 985 0
website 2928 0.32 13 131 0 1368 0
domain_name 3588 0.17 6 32 0 700 0
reference 2314 0.46 15 251 0 1955 0
github_repo 3402 0.21 25 73 0 897 0
github_repo_description 3438 0.20 4 419 0 853 0
github_language 3829 0.11 1 30 0 474 0
github_language_tm_scope 3837 0.11 4 34 0 361 0
github_language_type 3837 0.11 4 11 0 4 0
github_language_ace_mode 3838 0.11 1 16 0 96 0
github_language_file_extensions 3833 0.11 1 606 0 466 0
wikipedia 2731 0.37 32 104 0 1566 0
wikipedia_summary 2884 0.33 17 6741 0 1407 0
wikipedia_related 3145 0.27 1 1761 0 1059 0
line_comment_token 3831 0.11 1 7 0 23 0
origin_community 1190 0.72 3 305 0 2232 0
file_type 3213 0.25 2 6 0 4 0

Variable type: logical

skim_variable n_missing complete_rate mean count
features_has_comments 3683 0.14 1.00 TRU: 617, FAL: 3
features_has_semantic_indentation 3722 0.14 0.11 FAL: 516, TRU: 65
features_has_line_comments 3765 0.13 0.96 TRU: 517, FAL: 21
is_open_source 3792 0.12 0.89 TRU: 453, FAL: 58

Variable type: numeric

skim_variable n_missing complete_rate mean sd p0 p25 p50 p75 p100 hist
appeared 0 1.00 1991.11 111.44 -2000 1984.00 1997.0 2012.00 2023 ▁▁▁▁▇
domain_name_registered 3801 0.12 2011.33 7.02 1990 2007.00 2013.0 2017.00 2023 ▁▃▃▇▆
isbndb 3217 0.25 7.71 33.16 0 0.00 0.0 2.00 400 ▇▁▁▁▁
book_count 0 1.00 2.08 17.34 0 0.00 0.0 0.00 401 ▇▁▁▁▁
semantic_scholar 3545 0.18 3.79 8.32 0 0.00 0.0 3.00 52 ▇▁▁▁▁
language_rank 0 1.00 2151.00 1242.31 0 1075.50 2151.0 3226.50 4302 ▇▇▇▇▇
github_repo_stars 3414 0.21 2127.40 7554.02 0 29.00 194.0 1071.00 88526 ▇▁▁▁▁
github_repo_forks 3417 0.21 261.29 1203.00 0 2.25 16.0 91.50 23732 ▇▁▁▁▁
github_repo_updated 3418 0.21 2021.39 1.76 2012 2022.00 2022.0 2022.00 2023 ▁▁▁▁▇
github_repo_subscribers 3418 0.21 62.34 200.88 0 4.00 13.0 44.00 2910 ▇▁▁▁▁
github_repo_created 3425 0.20 2015.84 3.48 2006 2013.00 2016.0 2019.00 2022 ▁▅▇▇▇
github_repo_issues 3518 0.18 123.03 546.26 0 1.00 9.0 61.00 9522 ▇▁▁▁▁
github_repo_first_commit 3567 0.17 2014.74 4.99 1987 2012.00 2015.0 2018.00 2022 ▁▁▁▆▇
github_language_repos 3833 0.11 197134.67 1226900.57 0 91.25 725.5 7900.25 16046489 ▇▁▁▁▁
wikipedia_daily_page_views 2837 0.34 227.13 783.55 -1 9.00 24.0 99.00 13394 ▇▁▁▁▁
wikipedia_backlinks_count 2877 0.33 318.55 1635.29 1 13.00 39.0 126.00 34348 ▇▁▁▁▁
wikipedia_page_id 2893 0.33 9167847.21 13506832.90 928 375153.75 2114700.5 12321223.00 63063548 ▇▁▁▁▁
wikipedia_appeared 2958 0.31 1991.14 17.03 1830 1980.00 1994.0 2005.00 2019 ▁▁▁▃▇
wikipedia_created 3040 0.29 2005.75 3.77 2001 2003.00 2005.0 2007.00 2020 ▇▇▂▁▁
wikipedia_revision_count 3130 0.27 330.43 813.26 1 35.00 84.0 242.00 10104 ▇▁▁▁▁
last_activity 0 1.00 2000.62 84.60 -900 1992.00 2006.0 2021.00 2023 ▁▁▁▁▇
number_of_users 0 1.00 13771.26 227712.95 0 0.00 20.0 230.00 7179119 ▇▁▁▁▁
number_of_jobs 0 1.00 422.18 12572.99 0 0.00 0.0 0.00 771996 ▇▁▁▁▁
central_package_repository_count 1482 0.66 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0 ▁▁▇▁▁

Visdat

suppressWarnings(vis_dat(languages))

Looking at Data Science Languages

ds_langs <- c("R", "Julia", "Python", "SAS", "Excel")

languages |>
  select(-contains("wikipedia")) |>
  filter(title %in% ds_langs) |>
  knitr::kable()
Table 1: Data Science Languages
pldb_id title description type appeared creators website domain_name domain_name_registered reference isbndb book_count semantic_scholar language_rank github_repo github_repo_stars github_repo_forks github_repo_updated github_repo_subscribers github_repo_created github_repo_description github_repo_issues github_repo_first_commit github_language github_language_tm_scope github_language_type github_language_ace_mode github_language_file_extensions github_language_repos features_has_comments features_has_semantic_indentation features_has_line_comments line_comment_token last_activity number_of_users number_of_jobs origin_community central_package_repository_count file_type is_open_source
python Python NA pl 1991 Guido van Rossum https://www.python.org/ python.org 1995 https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/keyword-list 339 342 52 3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Python source.python programming python py cgi fcgi gyp gypi lmi py3 pyde pyi pyp pyt pyw rpy smk spec tac wsgi xpy 9300725 TRUE TRUE TRUE # 2022 2818037 46976 Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica NA text NA
r R NA pl 1993 Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman https://www.r-project.org r-project.org 1999 NA 40 40 9 15 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA R source.r programming r r rd rsx 689533 TRUE FALSE TRUE # 2022 1075613 14173 University of Auckland NA text TRUE
sas SAS NA pl 1976 Anthony James Barr https://www.sas.com sas.com 1990 NA 94 96 10 35 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA SAS source.sas programming text sas 8407 TRUE FALSE TRUE * 2022 361103 4682 NA 0 text NA
julia Julia NA pl 2012 Jeff Bezanson and Alan Edelman and Stefan Karpinski and Viral B. Shah http://julialang.org/ julialang.org NA NA 22 22 35 34 https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia 41515 5100 2023 952 2011 The Julia Programming Language 4420 NA Julia source.julia programming julia jl 53507 TRUE FALSE TRUE # 2023 81911 85 https://github.com/JuliaLang NA text TRUE

Date Appeared vs. Number of Users

lang_plot <- languages |>
  filter(appeared > 1980) |>
  ggplot() +
  aes(title=title, x=appeared, y=number_of_users) +
  geom_point() +
  labs(title = "Languages: Date Appeared vs Number of Users after 1980")

plotly::ggplotly(lang_plot)

Language Rank versus Number of Users

lang_plot <- languages |>
  filter(appeared > 1980) |>
  filter(language_rank < 60) |>
  mutate(ds_language = if_else(title %in% c("R", "MATLAB", "SAS", "Julia", "Python"), "Y", "N")) |>
  ggplot() +
  aes(title=title, x=language_rank, y=number_of_users, color=ds_language) +
  geom_point() +
  labs(title = "Languages: Rank vs Number of Users after 1980") +
    scale_color_manual(values=c("Y"="blue", 
                             "N" = "grey"))

plotly::ggplotly(lang_plot)

Languages by Type

languages |>
  count(type) |>
  arrange(desc(n)) |>
  knitr::kable()
Table 2: Languages sorted by Type
type n
pl 3368
textMarkup 97
queryLanguage 94
xmlFormat 69
dataNotation 68
grammarLanguage 67
esolang 66
template 55
textDataFormat 50
protocol 49
assembly 45
notation 36
database 35
ir 22
isa 22
idl 20
visual 18
jsonFormat 14
plzoo 12
schema 12
barCodeFormat 9
configFormat 8
contractLanguage 7
numeralSystem 7
wikiMarkup 7
bytecode 6
dataValidationLanguage 6
knowledgeBase 5
stylesheetLanguage 5
hardwareDescriptionLanguage 4
diffFormat 3
headerLang 3
musicalNotation 3
timeFormat 3
textEncodingFormat 2
unixApplication 2
distribution 1
font 1
optimizingCompiler 1
yamlFormat 1

Citation

BibTeX citation:
@online{laderas2023,
  author = {Laderas, Ted},
  title = {Programming {Languages}},
  date = {2023-03-21},
  url = {https://laderast.github.io/articles/2023-03-21-programming-languages/},
  langid = {en}
}
For attribution, please cite this work as:
Laderas, Ted. 2023. “Programming Languages.” March 21, 2023. https://laderast.github.io/articles/2023-03-21-programming-languages/.